Long seam defects are specific types of flaws that can occur in Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) pipes, which are commonly used in the oil and gas industry.

Here is a break down of the types of defects:

• This defect occurs when the weld metal does not properly fuse with the base metal, creating weak spots in the weld seam.

Inclusions

• These are foreign materials (like slag or oxides) that get trapped in the weld, weakening the joint.

Cracks

• Fractures in the weld that can develop due to stress or improper welding techniques.

Undercutting

• This happens when the base metal at the edges of the weld is melted away, creating a groove that weakens the weld.

Porosity

• Small holes or cavities caused by gas trapped in the weld during solidification.

NDT Methods for ERW Weld Inspections